1. Introduction

This section introduces the fundamental steps in preparing a digital forensic investigation and how to handle evidence. The methods discussed include both manual approaches and the use of Hansken, a forensics-as-a-service tool. Understanding these techniques is crucial for ensuring a systematic and secure handling of digital evidence.

2. Forensic Readiness

Forensic readiness refers to a broader concept that includes the planning, budgeting, infrastructure, staffing, and training necessary for conducting forensic investigations.

It also encompasses the acquisition of appropriate hardware and software. While forensic readiness differs significantly between law enforcement and corporate environments, the focus of this discussion is on "micro forensic readiness." This term refers to the specific preparations required before collecting data and the steps needed to manage it afterward, ensuring that evidence is handled efficiently and securely.

3. Preparation Process

Effective preparation involves several critical steps to ensure that an investigation is conducted smoothly:

• Maintaining an accurate audit trail is essential for tracking all actions taken during evidence collection and handling.
• Organizing the collected evidence and related command output is another key task, as it ensures that data remains accessible and usable throughout the investigation.
• Logistics related to acquisition must be carefully assessed, including storage requirements and the availability of necessary equipment.
• Write-blocking methods, both hardware and software-based, should be used to prevent any accidental alteration of evidence during the investigation.

4. Audit Trail

An audit trail is a comprehensive log that records all the actions taken during the acquisition and handling of digital evidence. Its purpose is to allow auditors to verify that each step in the process was conducted correctly, ensuring the accuracy and integrity of the results.

By maintaining a detailed audit trail, investigators can avoid duplication of work, improve team collaboration, and show compliance with internal policies and legal procedures. Additionally, an audit trail supports the generation of formal reports and can be useful for post-incident reviews, helping identify areas for process improvement. It also serves as a valuable educational tool for new team members and a reference for troubleshooting any problems that arise during the investigation.

An audit trail not only facilitates learning but also maintains a long-term record of all completed activities. This is particularly helpful when external or third-party examiners are involved in the process, ensuring their work is accounted for and properly documented.